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Jīvavicāra 12 · how to tell a common body

The six marks

गूढसिर-सन्धि-पर्व

One gāthā gives the test: hidden veins, hidden joints, hidden nodes, an even break, no fibre in the break, growth again when cut - a common body; the reverse of each, a body of its own.

Gūḍha-sira-sandhi-pavvaṃ samabhaṅgam ahīruhaṃ ca chinna-ruhaṃ, sāhāraṇaṃ sarīraṃ, tavvivarīyaṃ tu patteyaṃ. The Jīvavicāra has it as its twelfth verse and the Prajñāpanā has the same words. It is a field test, and the view draws it as one: a stalk beside a tuber. The stalk shows its veins and its joints and its nodes, snaps unevenly, leaves threads in the break, and dies when cut; the tuber shows none of these, breaks like a lump of clay, and put back in the ground grows again.

The last mark is the one the list is built on. What grows again from a piece has no single body to lose, which is what a common body means. The thirty-two are the plants the tradition found the marks in; the marks are given so that a plant not on the list can be judged, and the Jīvavicāra's own list, in its ninth and tenth verses, is shorter and more general - roots, sprouts, shoots, mould, moss, mushrooms, the three gingers, every tender fruit, every leaf with its veins hidden.

The six marks, and the thirty-twoJīvavicāra 12: how to tell a common body from a body of its ownPravacanasāroddhāra 236–241: the thirty-two, in the verse's order; identifications are Williams' or marked not identifieda tile opens its own entry where there is one, the list's entry where there is nota body of its ownpatteya - one soul, one bodya common bodysāhāraṇa - infinite souls, one bodyshowngūḍha-sirathe veinshiddenshowngūḍha-sandhithe jointshiddenshowngūḍha-pavvathe nodeshiddenunevensama-bhaṅgathe breakeventhreadsahīruhathe fibrenonedieschinna-ruhacutgrows againtinted by part - roots and bulbs, shoots and leaves, creepers, fungus and bark and the unidentified - the atlas's grouping, for the eye; the verse gives none1sūraṇa-kandaelephant-foot yamAmorphophallus campanulatusentry2vajra-kandaa yamSynantherias sylvaticaentry3ārdra-haridrāfresh turmericCurcuma longaentry4ārdrakafresh gingerZingiber officinaleentry5ārdra-kaccūrafresh zedoaryCurcuma zedoariaentry6śatāvarīwild asparagusAsparagus racemosus7virālīnot identified8kumārīaloe9snuhī · thoharthe milk-hedge spurgeEuphorbia neriifolia10guḍūcī · galothe moonseed creeperTinospora cordifolia11laśunagarlicAllium sativumentry12vaṃśa-karīrabamboo shootsentry13garjaracarrotDaucus carotaentry14loṇaka · lūṇīpurslane15lodhakanot identified16giri-karṇikānot identified17kisalayaevery new shootentry18kaserukaa water-tuberScirpus kysoorentry19thegaa sedge-tuberCyperus bulbosusentry20ārdra-mustāfresh nutgrassCyperus rotundusentry21lavaṇa-vṛkṣa-tvakbark of the salt tree22khelluḍanot identified23amṛta-vallīa creeper24mūlakaradishRaphanus sativusentry25bhūmi-ruhamushrooms and fungientry26virūḍhasprouted grain and pulseentry27vatthulaa goosefoot green28sūkara-vallīa creeper29palyaṅkaa leaf-greenBeta maritima30komala-amlikātender tamarindTamarindus indicaentry31ālukaa yamArum colocasiaentry32piṇḍālukaa yamentry
The six marks, and the thirty-two - The six marks highlighted

Measurements and counts

SourceJīvavicāra 12 · Prajñāpanā
The marks6
Common bodyall six present
A body of its ownthe reverse

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10