जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
Spoke 6 of the wheel

Duḥṣamā-duḥṣamā

दुःषम-दुःषमा

Sorrow upon sorrow. Lasts 21,000 years.

The worst age. The teaching disappears entirely from Bharat Kṣetra. Texts describe extremes of heat and cold, poisoned rain, and people surviving in caves along the Gaṅgā on what they can catch.

It ends at the bottom of the wheel, and then the wheel keeps turning. The same six spokes run in reverse as Utsarpiṇī, and everything comes back.

Suṣamā-suṣamā4 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.Suṣamā3 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.Suṣamā-duḥṣamā2 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.Duḥṣamā-suṣamā1 ×10¹⁴ less 42k yrDuḥṣamā21,000 yearsDuḥṣamā-duḥṣamā21,000 yearsDuḥṣamā-duḥṣamā21,000 yearsDuḥṣamā21,000 yearsDuḥṣamā-suṣamā1 ×10¹⁴ less 42k yrSuṣamā-duḥṣamā2 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.Suṣamā3 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.Suṣamā-suṣamā4 ×10¹⁴ sāgar.AVASARPIṆĪ ↓descending · everything diminishesUTSARPIṆĪ ↑ascending · everything returnsKĀLA CAKRAone full turn =20 crore-crore sāgaropamaBharat and Airāvat onlywe are here5th spoke of a descending halfc. 2,500 of its 21,000 years goneThe twelve spokes are drawn equal. They are not: the first alone outlasts the last two beyond ordinary counting.
The wheel of time — Duḥṣamā-duḥṣamā highlighted

Measurements and counts

MeaningSorrow upon sorrow
Length21,000 years
Human lifespanup to 20 years
Human height1–2 hands
Food takenirregular
In descending orderAvasarpiṇī spoke 6
In ascending orderUtsarpiṇī spoke 1

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10