जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
Anantakāya 31, 32 · and the potato, which the verses never saw

The yams

आलु · पिण्डालु

The last two tiles are āluka and piṇḍāluka, two yams; the potato that every Jain list now calls ālu reached India in the seventeenth century, and is refused by the rule, not by the word.

Williams reads āluka as taro, Arum colocasia; piṇḍāluka is a second tuber. The Prakrit verses are from before Nemicandra, who wrote in the twelfth century, and the potato came with the Portuguese five hundred years later, taking the old word as it took the old place on the list. The rule that puts it there is the last of the marks: a piece of it, planted, grows. The heading over all the roots would take it in even without the word.

The six marks, and the thirty-twoJīvavicāra 12: how to tell a common body from a body of its ownPravacanasāroddhāra 236–241: the thirty-two, in the verse's order; identifications are Williams' or marked not identifieda tile opens its own entry where there is one, the list's entry where there is nota body of its ownpatteya - one soul, one bodya common bodysāhāraṇa - infinite souls, one bodyshowngūḍha-sirathe veinshiddenshowngūḍha-sandhithe jointshiddenshowngūḍha-pavvathe nodeshiddenunevensama-bhaṅgathe breakeventhreadsahīruhathe fibrenonedieschinna-ruhacutgrows againtinted by part - roots and bulbs, shoots and leaves, creepers, fungus and bark and the unidentified - the atlas's grouping, for the eye; the verse gives none1sūraṇa-kandaelephant-foot yamAmorphophallus campanulatusentry2vajra-kandaa yamSynantherias sylvaticaentry3ārdra-haridrāfresh turmericCurcuma longaentry4ārdrakafresh gingerZingiber officinaleentry5ārdra-kaccūrafresh zedoaryCurcuma zedoariaentry6śatāvarīwild asparagusAsparagus racemosus7virālīnot identified8kumārīaloe9snuhī · thoharthe milk-hedge spurgeEuphorbia neriifolia10guḍūcī · galothe moonseed creeperTinospora cordifolia11laśunagarlicAllium sativumentry12vaṃśa-karīrabamboo shootsentry13garjaracarrotDaucus carotaentry14loṇaka · lūṇīpurslane15lodhakanot identified16giri-karṇikānot identified17kisalayaevery new shootentry18kaserukaa water-tuberScirpus kysoorentry19thegaa sedge-tuberCyperus bulbosusentry20ārdra-mustāfresh nutgrassCyperus rotundusentry21lavaṇa-vṛkṣa-tvakbark of the salt tree22khelluḍanot identified23amṛta-vallīa creeper24mūlakaradishRaphanus sativusentry25bhūmi-ruhamushrooms and fungientry26virūḍhasprouted grain and pulseentry27vatthulaa goosefoot green28sūkara-vallīa creeper29palyaṅkaa leaf-greenBeta maritima30komala-amlikātender tamarindTamarindus indicaentry31ālukaa yamArum colocasiaentry32piṇḍālukaa yamentry
The six marks, and the thirty-two - The yams highlighted

Measurements and counts

In the versesāluka · piṇḍāluka
Williamstaro; a second tuber
The potato17th century - refused by the rule

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10