जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The 56 islands

Antardvīpas

अन्तर्द्वीप

Fifty-six small islands in the salt ocean, whose people are neither of the lands of action nor properly of the lands of enjoyment.

They lie off the four ends of the Himavān and Śikharī ranges where those ranges run out into the sea — seven groups of islands in each of four quadrants, twenty-eight around each mountain, fifty-six in all.

Their inhabitants are described by their bodies rather than their culture, with names like horse-faced, elephant-eared, mirror-faced, tail-bearing. Their lifespan is a palyopama fraction and their height a few hundred bows.

Classification puts them in kubhogabhūmi — a degraded land of enjoyment. No effort, no religion, no liberation, but also no work. They are a footnote, and every serious map still draws all fifty-six.

SudarśanaVijayaAcalaMandaraVidyunmālīJambūdvīpaLavaṇa SamudraDhātakīkhaṇḍaKālodadhiPuṣkarārdhaJambūdvīpa2 suns · 2 moonsLavaṇa Samudra4 suns · 4 moonsDhātakīkhaṇḍa12 suns · 12 moonsKālodadhi42 suns · 42 moonsPuṣkarārdha72 suns · 72 moonsMānuṣottarano human passes itEach ring is twice the width of the one before it,and every ring is counted on both sides:1 + 2+2 + 4+4 + 8+8 + 8+8 lakh yojana= 45,00,000 yojana across5 Merus · 170 lands of action132 suns · 132 moons · 56 islands22,50,000 yojana — half the human worldNuttaraEpūrvaSdakṣiṇaWpaścimareckoned from Meruyou are here
The two and a half continents — Antardvīpas highlighted

Measurements and counts

Count56 (Śvetāmbara)
Digambara count96
LocationLavaṇa ocean
OffHimavān and Śikharī
Per range28
Classed askubhogabhūmi

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10