The Śvetāmbara reckoning
Where the two traditions give different numbers, this atlas uses the Śvetāmbara ones. Here is every place that choice was made.
Twelve kalpa heavens, not sixteen. Four of the twelve are treated by Digambara texts as pairs. Brahmaloka becomes Brahma and Brahmottara, Lāntaka becomes Lāntava and Kāpiṣṭha, Mahāśukra becomes Śukra and Mahāśukra, Sahasrāra becomes Śatāra and Sahasrāra. Nothing in the order moves and each Digambara pair shares one lifespan, so both schemes describe the same distances. The Śvetāmbara lifespans run 2, a little over 2, 7, a little over 7, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 sāgaropama, which is a sequence of twelve values and works only as twelve.
No Anudiśa. Digambara texts place nine Anudiśa between the The nine Graiveyaka and the The five Anuttara; Śvetāmbara texts do not count them. So the heavens come to 26 tiers here (12 + 9 + 5) rather than 39.
Sixty-four Indras. Twenty for the ten kinds of Bhavanavāsī, thirty-two for the sixteen kinds of Vyantara (eight Vyantara and eight Vāṇavyantara), two for the Jyotiṣka, and ten for the whole of Ūrdhva Loka, because Ānata shares an Indra with Prāṇata and Āraṇa with Acyuta. Digambara texts count a hundred Indras and eight kinds of Vyantara.
Fifty-six antardvīpas in the salt ocean, where Digambara texts count ninety-six. Nine Lokāntika at the edge of Brahmaloka, where Digambara texts count eight. 318 Graiveyaka vimānas in triads of 111, 107 and 100, which is what makes the total of all heavenly abodes come to 84,97,023.
A volume of 239 cubic rajju for the Loka, against the Digambara figure of 343, because the two traditions draw the taper of the cosmic figure slightly differently. The height of fourteen rajju is common to both.
Everything else on this map is shared ground. The seven hells and their 84,00,000 cells, the 190-part division of Jambūdvīpa, the six boundary mountains and their materials, the fourteen rivers, the 32 vijayas, Meru at 1,00,000 yojana, the twelve spokes of the Kāla Cakra and the 170 lands of action are given the same way by both traditions.
Measurements and counts
| Kalpa heavens | 12 |
|---|---|
| Anudiśa | not counted |
| Heavenly tiers | 26 |
| Indras in the universe | 64 |
| Vaimānika Indras | 10 |
| Vyantara kinds | 16 |
| Antardvīpas | 56 |
| Lokāntika kinds | 9 |
| Graiveyaka vimānas | 318 |
| Vimānas in all | 84,97,023 |
| Volume of the loka | 239 cubic rajju |
| Chief sources | Tattvārtha Sūtra, Jambūdvīpa-prajñapti, Jīvājīvābhigama, Sthānāṅga, Triṣaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣa-caritra |