Lands of action
Karmabhūmi
कर्मभूमि
The 170 regions where work is necessary, religion exists, and liberation is possible.
Five Bharats, five Airāvats and 160 vijayas. Nowhere else in the universe can a soul end its rebirths.
The defining feature is not comfort but effort. In a land of action food must be grown, disputes must be settled, and a person can choose to renounce. Because choice exists, karma can be shed. In a land of enjoyment everything is provided and nothing can be renounced, so nothing changes.
170 is therefore the maximum number of Tīrthaṅkaras that can exist at one moment in the entire universe — one per land of action.
Measurements and counts
| Total | 170 |
|---|---|
| Bharats | 5 |
| Airāvats | 5 |
| Vijayas | 160 |
| Maximum Tīrthaṅkaras at once | 170 |