जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The celestial bodies

Suns and moons

ज्योतिष्क

132 suns and 132 moons circle Mount Meru inside the human world. Beyond Mānuṣottara they hang still.

They are counted ring by ring and the numbers are exact: 2 above Jambūdvīpa, 4 above the salt ocean, 12 above Dhātakīkhaṇḍa, 42 above Kālodadhi, 72 above Puṣkarārdha. That comes to 132 of each.

Two suns over Jambūdvīpa means each takes a half circuit, and the two of them together produce one day and one night. There is no single sun rising and setting over a spinning ball here — there are two lamps circling a mountain.

Each moon travels with a fixed retinue: 28 nakṣatras, 88 grahas and 66,975 crore stars. The gods who are these bodies are the Jyotiṣka, the lowest and most visible class of celestial beings.

Past Mānuṣottara the whole apparatus stops. The lights are still there, but stationary, so there is no day, no month and no year in that space.

SudarśanaVijayaAcalaMandaraVidyunmālīJambūdvīpaLavaṇa SamudraDhātakīkhaṇḍaKālodadhiPuṣkarārdhaJambūdvīpa2 suns · 2 moonsLavaṇa Samudra4 suns · 4 moonsDhātakīkhaṇḍa12 suns · 12 moonsKālodadhi42 suns · 42 moonsPuṣkarārdha72 suns · 72 moonsMānuṣottarano human passes itEach ring is twice the width of the one before it,and every ring is counted on both sides:1 + 2+2 + 4+4 + 8+8 + 8+8 lakh yojana= 45,00,000 yojana across5 Merus · 170 lands of action132 suns · 132 moons · 56 islands22,50,000 yojana — half the human worldNuttaraEpūrvaSdakṣiṇaWpaścimareckoned from Meruyou are here
The two and a half continents — Suns and moons highlighted

Measurements and counts

Suns132
Moons132
Over Jambūdvīpa2 and 2
Over Lavaṇa4 and 4
Over Dhātakīkhaṇḍa12 and 12
Over Kālodadhi42 and 42
Over Puṣkarārdha72 and 72
Per moon28 nakṣatras, 88 grahas

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10