जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
Continent · the half ring

Puṣkarārdha

पुष्करार्ध

The inner half of Puṣkaravara continent. The outer half exists but no human has ever seen it.

Puṣkaravara is 16,00,000 yojana wide. Mānuṣottara runs around it exactly halfway, and everything past that mountain is closed to humanity. So the human world takes the inner 8,00,000 and stops.

The inner half is built like Dhātakīkhaṇḍa: two Iṣvākāra walls, an eastern and a western half, each a full copy of Jambūdvīpa's geography. Its Merus are Mandara in the east and Vidyunmālī in the west, both 84,000 yojana.

The land beyond Mānuṣottara is not empty. Animals, plants and elemental life fill it. What it lacks is people, and therefore time as humans reckon it, and therefore any possibility of liberation.

It takes its name from the puṣkara tree.

SudarśanaVijayaAcalaMandaraVidyunmālīJambūdvīpaLavaṇa SamudraDhātakīkhaṇḍaKālodadhiPuṣkarārdhaJambūdvīpa2 suns · 2 moonsLavaṇa Samudra4 suns · 4 moonsDhātakīkhaṇḍa12 suns · 12 moonsKālodadhi42 suns · 42 moonsPuṣkarārdha72 suns · 72 moonsMānuṣottarano human passes itEach ring is twice the width of the one before it,and every ring is counted on both sides:1 + 2+2 + 4+4 + 8+8 + 8+8 lakh yojana= 45,00,000 yojana across5 Merus · 170 lands of action132 suns · 132 moons · 56 islands22,50,000 yojana — half the human worldNuttaraEpūrvaSdakṣiṇaWpaścimareckoned from Meruyou are here
The two and a half continents — Puṣkarārdha highlighted

Measurements and counts

Full ring width16,00,000 yojana
Inhabited half8,00,000 yojana
MerusMandara (E), Vidyunmālī (W)
Meru height84,000 yojana
Regions in the half14
Suns / moons72 / 72

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10