जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
Five crafts of twenty parts each

The hundred crafts

शत शिल्प

Potters, carpenters, painters, weavers, barbers — five crafts, each of twenty parts, a hundred in all, that Ṛṣabha taught when the trees no longer gave vessels, houses and clothes.

The first craft was the potter's. Hemacandra has Ṛṣabha make the first vessel of clay with his own hands, because the Bhṛṅga trees no longer gave dishes; and from that the potters arose. Then, in order: carpenters for houses, painters for their decoration, weavers for clothes, barbers for hair and nails. "These five arts, each divided into twenty parts, one hundred-fold, spread among the people."

Four of the five answer a gift the trees had given — vessels (Bhṛṅga), houses (Gehākāra, twice over, carpenter and painter), clothes (Anagna). The barbers answer nothing a tree gave; the twins of the first ages had no need of them. Fields and fire answered Citrarasa, the food-tree. With the crafts came measures — of bulk, weight, length, and the jeweller's — and courts with plaintiff, defendant, magistrate and witnesses.

Madyāṅgagives drinkno craft in its placeBhṛṅgagives vesselsTuryāṅgagives musicno craft in its placeDīpaśikhāgives lightno craft in its placeJyotiṣkagives lightno craft in its placeCitrāṅgagives wreathsno craft in its placeCitrarasagives foodMaṇyaṅgagives ornamentsno craft in its placeGehākāragives housesAnagnagives clothesthe ten kinds of wishing-tree, in Hemacandra's orderPotters× 20the first — a vessel of clayCarpenters× 20Painters× 20Weavers× 20Barbers× 20answers no treefields and firein the food-tree's placefive crafts of twenty parts each — one hundreda dashed line: a gift, and the craft recorded in its placeVimalavāhanaCakṣuṣmatYaśasvinAbhicandraPrasenajitdhikMarudevaNābhiṚṣabhathe third age — the trees' powers go “very, very slowly”not to scale: two koṭākoṭi sāgaropamathe seven kulakarashā · mā · dhik — the three laws, only wordsthe learning, counted72arts, to Bharata64arts of women18scripts, to Brāhmī — right handarithmetic, to Sundarī — left handTen trees, and what replaced themthe ten kalpavṛkṣa and what each gives — Hemacandra I.2, from the Jambūdvīpaprajñaptithe third age: the trees fail, seven kulakaras keep order with three wordswhat Ṛṣabha taught in their place — and the six gifts nothing replaced100crafts, to replace four gifts
Ten trees, and what replaced them — The hundred crafts highlighted

Measurements and counts

Crafts5
Parts each20
In all100
Firstthe potters — the first vessel of clay
Answer a treepotters, carpenters, painters, weavers
Answer nonebarbers

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10