Sixteen ranges that separate the vijayas from each other, four in each quarter of Mahāvideha.
Each runs north–south between a boundary mountain and one of the great rivers, 500 yojana high at the river end and 400 at the mountain end, and 500 yojana wide.
Between vijayas the dividers alternate: mountain, river, mountain, river. Eight vijayas in a quarter need seven dividers, and the pattern gives four vakṣaskāras and three Antaranadī. Four Jina shrines stand on each range.
Mahāvideha and its thirty-two provinces — Vakṣaskāra mountains highlighted