जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The substances with extension · time is not one

The five astikāyas

पञ्चास्तिकाय

Asti, it is; kāya, a body: five of the six substances have extension, occupy many space-points at once, and are called astikāyas. Time does not and is not.

Souls, matter, the two media and space each spread over space-points - innumerable, or infinite, or in matter anything from one upward - and their points form a whole, a kāya. Time, in the traditions that count it a substance at all, has no such spread: its units do not join into a body, and even the Digambara kālāṇu sits one to a point and never combines. So the Pañcāstikāya, Kundakunda's text of that name, is about five things, and the sixth is treated apart.

The atlas draws the five on the first view as things with area, and time as ticks along the foot, which is the drawn form of the same distinction.

The six, compared as the sūtra compares themTattvārthasūtra 5.1–22: what each is, and what each does for the restthree of the six are one substance apiece and do nothing but make the others possiblejīvasoulanantaasaṃkhyāta eachnoyesyesthe lokaDOESsouls help oneanother - 5.21the lamp, whichfills the room it isinpudgalamatteranantaone to anantayesyesyesthe lokaDOESbody, speech, mind,breath; pleasure,pain, life, death -5.19–20the clay, whichtakes every shapedharmathe medium of motion1asaṃkhyātanoyesnothe whole loka,exactlyDOESmotion - 5.17the water, whichlets the fish moveand pushes nothingadharmathe medium of rest1asaṃkhyātanoyesnothe whole loka,exactlyDOESrest - 5.17the shade, underwhich the travellerstops of his ownwillākāśaspace1anantanoyesnothe loka and beyondit, without endDOESroom - 5.18the vessel, whichholds and is notchanged by what itholdskālatimeby traditionnone - not a kāyanononothe human world, asreckoned;everywhere, asDOESbecoming, change,before and after -5.22the potter's wheel,on which the potturns and is notmadeHOW MANYSPACE-POINTSWITH FORMWITH EXTENSIONMOVESWHEREDOESLIKENESSthe five astikāyas - the substances with extensionWHAT IT MEANS TO EXIST - 5.29utpāda · vyaya · dhrauvya
The six, compared as the sūtra compares them - The five astikāyas highlighted

Measurements and counts

The fivejīva · pudgala · dharma · adharma · ākāśa
Not onekāla
Whyits units do not form a body
Kundakunda's textPañcāstikāya-sāra

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10