जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
Assembly · the inner court

The twelve companies

बारह परिषद्

Twelve, seated by direction in the innermost court — and they divide four counted, eight innumerable.

Three companies enter at each of the four gates and take the quarter clockwise from it. Four gates, three apiece: twelve.

Four are the caturvidha saṅghasādhus, sādhvīs, śrāvakas and śrāvikās — and these are enumerable. Scripture gives their number for each Tīrthaṅkara separately, and the figures differ from one to the next, so no single total belongs to the Samavasaraṇa itself.

Eight are gods — four classes, devas and devīs of each — and scripture does not count them. They are asaṅkhyāta: innumerable, which in this tradition is a named rung on the ladder of number and not a refusal to answer.

The arrangement is worth reading off the map. The ascetics and the laity hold the whole eastern half, with the sādhus nearest the east gate — the gate the Tīrthaṅkara faces. The gods fill the west.

123456789101112NESWconveyancesconveyancesanimalsanimalswho sits where1Vaimānika devasasaṅkhyāta2Śrāvakasenumerable3Śrāvikāsenumerable4Sādhusenumerable5Vaimānika devīsasaṅkhyāta6Sādhvīsenumerable7Bhavanapati devīsasaṅkhyāta8Jyotiṣka devīsasaṅkhyāta9Vyantara devīsasaṅkhyāta10Bhavanapati devasasaṅkhyāta11Jyotiṣka devasasaṅkhyāta12Vyantara devasasaṅkhyātathe fourfold saṅghadiffers for each Jinaeight classes of godsasaṅkhyātathe decks belowthe animals that came to hearthe animals that carried people hereThe Tīrthaṅkara faces east. Three madeimages stand in the other directions,so no company sees a back.1 yojana across · 4 kosthe tree above the throne is 3 kos —twelve times the Tīrthaṅkara's height1 yojana across · 4 kosNuttaraEpūrvaSdakṣiṇaWpaścima
The Samavasaraṇa — The twelve companies highlighted

Measurements and counts

Companies12
Per gate3
Counted exactly4
Innumerable8

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10