जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The three made images

The four-faced Lord

चतुर्मुख

The Tīrthaṅkara faces east. The gods set three images in the other directions, so that every company sees a face.

This is the structural heart of the whole assembly, and the reason it had to be built as an assembly and not a hall. Twelve companies sit in four quarters. One person cannot face four ways. So three replicas are made, indistinguishable from where anyone sits, and the problem is solved by multiplication rather than by seating.

From here comes the caumukha — the four-faced Jina image, one body with four faces looking out to the four directions, found in Jain temples everywhere.

Whether the reader's own seat is the true one is not knowable from the seat. That is not a flaw in the arrangement; it is the arrangement.

123456789101112NESWconveyancesconveyancesanimalsanimalswho sits where1Vaimānika devasasaṅkhyāta2Śrāvakasenumerable3Śrāvikāsenumerable4Sādhusenumerable5Vaimānika devīsasaṅkhyāta6Sādhvīsenumerable7Bhavanapati devīsasaṅkhyāta8Jyotiṣka devīsasaṅkhyāta9Vyantara devīsasaṅkhyāta10Bhavanapati devasasaṅkhyāta11Jyotiṣka devasasaṅkhyāta12Vyantara devasasaṅkhyātathe fourfold saṅghadiffers for each Jinaeight classes of godsasaṅkhyātathe decks belowthe animals that came to hearthe animals that carried people hereThe Tīrthaṅkara faces east. Three madeimages stand in the other directions,so no company sees a back.1 yojana across · 4 kosthe tree above the throne is 3 kos —twelve times the Tīrthaṅkara's height1 yojana across · 4 kosNuttaraEpūrvaSdakṣiṇaWpaścima
The Samavasaraṇa — The four-faced Lord highlighted

Measurements and counts

Living Tīrthaṅkaraeast
Made imagesthree
Gives rise tothe caumukha image

Connected

Emblem · before the Lord

Dharmacakra

धर्मचक्र

The wheel of the teaching, set before the throne and shining.

One before each of the four faces, so that the wheel stands in front of the Tīrthaṅkara and each of the three made images alike.

Numberfour — one to each face

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10