जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The twelfth aṅga · lost

Dṛṣṭivāda

दृष्टिवाद

The aṅga of the views: five divisions, and within the third the fourteen pūrvas. Lost, the tradition says, a thousand years after Mahāvīra — the whole of the twelfth step.

Diṭṭhivāya, the exposition of views. Its five divisions are recorded — parikarma, sūtra, pūrvagata, anuyoga, cūlikā — and the third, the pūrvagata, held the fourteen pūrvas, the oldest layer of the teaching, said to predate the aṅgas themselves.

At the council of Pāṭaliputra, some hundred and sixty years after Mahāvīra, the eleven aṅgas were compiled and this one could not be: Bhadrabāhu, the last who knew it whole, was away in Nepal. Sthūlabhadra learned ten pūrvas from him; the tradition says the rest dwindled teacher by teacher until, a thousand years after Mahāvīra, none was left. The Samavāyāṅga and the Nandī keep its table of contents. That is all that survives.

It has no pada count on the map. The bar it would have stood in is drawn as an outline, and the pūrvas inside it are drawn in the ink the tradition says they would have taken.

18,000Ācārāṅga36,000Sūtrakṛtāṅga72,000Sthānāṅga1,44,000Samavāyāṅga2,88,000Vyākhyāprajñapti5,76,000Jñātādharmakathāḥ11,52,000Upāsakadaśāḥ23,04,000Antakṛddaśāḥ46,08,000Anuttaropapātikadaśāḥ92,16,000Praśnavyākaraṇa1,84,32,000VipākaśrutalostDṛṣṭivādathe twelve aṅgas · padas, each double the last · log scalethe sūtras say “numerable thousands”; the series is the commentators'1Utpāda2Agrāyaṇīya4Vīryapravāda8Astināstipravāda16Jñānapravāda32Satyapravāda64Ātmapravāda128Karmapravāda256Pratyākhyānapravāda512Vidyānupravāda1,024Avandhya2,048Prāṇāvāya4,096Kriyāviśāla8,192Lokabindusārainside the twelfth: the fourteen pūrvas · elephant-loads of ink, doubling · log scale1 to 8,192 — 16,383 in all — a reckoning of the tradition, printed as suchAṅga12 · 11 surviveĀcārāṅgaSūtrakṛtāṅgaSthānāṅgaSamavāyāṅgaVyākhyāprajñaptiJñātādharmakathāḥUpāsakadaśāḥAntakṛddaśāḥAnuttaropapātikadaśāḥPraśnavyākaraṇaVipākaśrutaDṛṣṭivādaUpāṅga12AupapātikaRājapraśnīyaJīvājīvābhigamaPrajñāpanāSūryaprajñaptiJambūdvīpaprajñaptiCandraprajñaptiNirayāvalikāKalpāvataṃsikāPuṣpikāPuṣpacūlikāVṛṣṇidaśāChedasūtra6 · 4 in the thirty-twoĀcāradaśā · the KalpasūtraBṛhatkalpaVyavahāraNiśīthaJītakalpaMahāniśīthaMūlasūtra4 · 3 in the thirty-twoDaśavaikālikaUttarādhyayanaĀvaśyakaPiṇḍaniryukti · OghaniryuktiCūlikāsūtra2NandīAnuyogadvāraPrakīrṇaka10 · 0 in the thirty-twoCatuḥśaraṇaĀturapratyākhyānaBhaktaparijñāSaṃstārakaTaṇḍulavaicārikaCandravedhyakaDevendrastavaGaṇividyāMahāpratyākhyānaVīrastavathe forty-five, by kindnot in the Sthānakavāsī thirty-twolost05001000Pāṭaliputra · 160SthūlabhadraMathurā and Valabhī · 827–840Skandila; NāgārjunaValabhī · 980 or 993Devarddhi Kṣamāśramaṇayears after Mahāvīra — traditionThe canon: what survived, and what was lostthe twelve aṅgas by padas — the commentators' series on the Samavāyāṅga and Nandīthe fourteen pūrvas in elephant-loads of ink — a reckoning of the traditionforty-five books, or thirty-two; three councils, the last of which wrote them down16,383elephant-loads of ink, lost
The canon: what survived, and what was lost — Dṛṣṭivāda highlighted

Measurements and counts

Position12th aṅga
Divisions5 — parikarma, sūtra, pūrvagata, anuyoga, cūlikā
Heldthe 14 pūrvas
Lost byabout 1,000 years after Mahāvīra — tradition
Survivesits table of contents, in the Samavāyāṅga and Nandī
Pada countnot printed

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10