जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The limbs of the canon · each double the last

The twelve aṅgas

द्वादशाङ्ग

Ācārāṅga, Sūtrakṛtāṅga, Sthānāṅga, Samavāyāṅga, the Bhagavatī, and seven more: the core of the canon, each given a size twice the one before it.

Twelve limbs, the dvādaśāṅgī, said to be shaped by the gaṇadharas from Mahāvīra's word. In order: 1 Ācārāṅga (Āyāraṃga), conduct; 2 Sūtrakṛtāṅga (Sūyagaḍa), other doctrines; 3 Sthānāṅga (Ṭhāṇaṃga), things by number; 4 Samavāyāṅga (Samavāyaṃga), groups by number; 5 Vyākhyāprajñapti (Viyāhapannatti), the Bhagavatī — questions answered; 6 Jñātādharmakathāḥ (Nāyādhammakahāo), parables; 7 Upāsakadaśāḥ (Uvāsagadasāo), ten lay followers; 8 Antakṛddaśāḥ (Antagaḍadasāo), ten who ended rebirth; 9 Anuttaropapātikadaśāḥ (Aṇuttarovavāiyadasāo), ten reborn in the Anuttara; 10 Praśnavyākaraṇa (Paṇhāvāgaraṇāiṃ), questions and their answers; 11 Vipākaśruta (Vivāgasuya), the fruits of deeds; 12 Dṛṣṭivāda (Diṭṭhivāya), the views — lost.

The commentators on the Samavāyāṅga give each a size in padas, and the sizes double: 18,000 · 36,000 · 72,000 · 1,44,000 · 2,88,000 · 5,76,000 · 11,52,000 · 23,04,000 · 46,08,000 · 92,16,000 · 1,84,32,000. The sūtras themselves say only "numerable thousands" for most; the exact series is the commentators', and the atlas prints it as theirs. The eleven that survive come to 3,68,46,000 padas by that reckoning; what survives in manuscript is a small fraction of it.

The twelfth, the Dṛṣṭivāda, is lost, and has no pada count here.

18,000Ācārāṅga36,000Sūtrakṛtāṅga72,000Sthānāṅga1,44,000Samavāyāṅga2,88,000Vyākhyāprajñapti5,76,000Jñātādharmakathāḥ11,52,000Upāsakadaśāḥ23,04,000Antakṛddaśāḥ46,08,000Anuttaropapātikadaśāḥ92,16,000Praśnavyākaraṇa1,84,32,000VipākaśrutalostDṛṣṭivādathe twelve aṅgas · padas, each double the last · log scalethe sūtras say “numerable thousands”; the series is the commentators'1Utpāda2Agrāyaṇīya4Vīryapravāda8Astināstipravāda16Jñānapravāda32Satyapravāda64Ātmapravāda128Karmapravāda256Pratyākhyānapravāda512Vidyānupravāda1,024Avandhya2,048Prāṇāvāya4,096Kriyāviśāla8,192Lokabindusārainside the twelfth: the fourteen pūrvas · elephant-loads of ink, doubling · log scale1 to 8,192 — 16,383 in all — a reckoning of the tradition, printed as suchAṅga12 · 11 surviveĀcārāṅgaSūtrakṛtāṅgaSthānāṅgaSamavāyāṅgaVyākhyāprajñaptiJñātādharmakathāḥUpāsakadaśāḥAntakṛddaśāḥAnuttaropapātikadaśāḥPraśnavyākaraṇaVipākaśrutaDṛṣṭivādaUpāṅga12AupapātikaRājapraśnīyaJīvājīvābhigamaPrajñāpanāSūryaprajñaptiJambūdvīpaprajñaptiCandraprajñaptiNirayāvalikāKalpāvataṃsikāPuṣpikāPuṣpacūlikāVṛṣṇidaśāChedasūtra6 · 4 in the thirty-twoĀcāradaśā · the KalpasūtraBṛhatkalpaVyavahāraNiśīthaJītakalpaMahāniśīthaMūlasūtra4 · 3 in the thirty-twoDaśavaikālikaUttarādhyayanaĀvaśyakaPiṇḍaniryukti · OghaniryuktiCūlikāsūtra2NandīAnuyogadvāraPrakīrṇaka10 · 0 in the thirty-twoCatuḥśaraṇaĀturapratyākhyānaBhaktaparijñāSaṃstārakaTaṇḍulavaicārikaCandravedhyakaDevendrastavaGaṇividyāMahāpratyākhyānaVīrastavathe forty-five, by kindnot in the Sthānakavāsī thirty-twolost05001000Pāṭaliputra · 160SthūlabhadraMathurā and Valabhī · 827–840Skandila; NāgārjunaValabhī · 980 or 993Devarddhi Kṣamāśramaṇayears after Mahāvīra — traditionThe canon: what survived, and what was lostthe twelve aṅgas by padas — the commentators' series on the Samavāyāṅga and Nandīthe fourteen pūrvas in elephant-loads of ink — a reckoning of the traditionforty-five books, or thirty-two; three councils, the last of which wrote them down16,383elephant-loads of ink, lost
The canon: what survived, and what was lost — The twelve aṅgas highlighted

Measurements and counts

Count12 · 11 surviving
SmallestĀcārāṅga · 18,000 padas
Largest survivingVipākaśruta · 1,84,32,000
Ruleeach double the last
The eleven together3,68,46,000 padas
Source of the seriescommentators on the Samavāyāṅga and Nandī

Connected

Open in the interactive atlas →

समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10