जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The ledger · 608 in, 608 out

The two heaps

अव्यवहार राशि · व्यवहार राशि

Souls that have never been anything but nigoda, and souls that have been out and come back: two heaps, and a rule — every six months and eight samayas, 608 souls are liberated and 608 leave the first heap in their place.

The Dhavalā divides nigoda's souls in two. Nitya-nigoda: those that have never, in all past time, attained trasa-bhāva, the mobile state — never once been anything with two senses. Caturgati-nigoda: those that have been born in the four gatis, as gods, hell-beings, animals and humans, and have fallen back. The Śvetāmbara catechisms call the same two the avyavahāra-rāśi, the heap outside all dealing, and the vyavahāra-rāśi.

Then the rule. The commentary on Gommaṭasāra 197 says that in six months and eight samayas 608 souls leave nigoda, and 608 human souls attain liberation — the one balances the other, and the Śvetāmbara thokaḍā teach the same ledger. It is why the universe cannot run out of souls to free, and why, Gommaṭasāra 197 adds, infinite souls will never leave: the first heap is infinite, and 608 at a time does not lower it. The figure is the commentators', and the atlas prints it as theirs.

the lokaskandhaas Jambūdvīpa× asaṃkhyātaaṇḍaraas Bharata× asaṃkhyātaāvāsaas Kośala× asaṃkhyātapulavias Sāketa× asaṃkhyātaone bodyas a houseananta soulsthe nesting — Gommaṭasāra 164–165, the Digambara text's structureeach level holds asaṃkhyāta × the loka's space-points of the nextthe 563 kinds of living being — Jīva-vicāra22 · 6 · 20 · 303 · 198 · 14four are nigoda — and hold infinitely more souls than the other 559one breath: seventeen lives and a fraction, each 256 āvalikā65,536 in a muhūrta — the teachers say seventeen and a halfavyavahāra-rāśinever once trasa · infinitevyavahāra-rāśibeen out, come backSiddhaśilā608 liberated in six months and eight samayas608 leave the first heap in their placethe ledger — the commentators on Gommaṭasāra 197, and the thokaḍāevery siddha there has ever beenthe souls in one nigoda body — infinite times as many, off the frameNigoda: the smallest body, the most soulsa body too small to see, in which infinite souls are born, breathe and die togethereverywhere in the loka; four of the 563 kinds of living beingone body holds infinite times every siddha there has ever been — Gommaṭasāra 196608souls liberated, and 608 out of nigoda, every six months and eight samayas
Nigoda: the smallest body, the most souls — The two heaps highlighted

Measurements and counts

First heapnitya-nigoda · avyavahāra-rāśi — never once trasa
Secondcaturgati-nigoda · vyavahāra-rāśi — been out, come back
The rule608 liberated · 608 leave the first heap
Everysix months and eight samayas
First heapinfinite — never empties
SourceDhavalā 14 · Gommaṭasāra 197 with commentary · the thokaḍā

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10