जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The eight days · three times a year

Aṣṭāhnika

अष्टाह्निका

Three times a year the gods of all four classes travel to Nandīśvara and keep an eight-day festival at the fifty-two temples. Jains on earth keep the same eight days.

The days run from the eighth of the bright fortnight to the full moon — aṣṭamī to pūrṇimā — in Kārtika, Phālguna and Āṣāḍha. Bhavanavāsī, Vyantara, Jyotiṣka and Vaimānika gods all come, with their retinues.

There is something strange in that, and it is worth saying plainly. Nandīśvara has no year. Past Mānuṣottara the suns and moons do not move, so nothing out there marks a day or a month or a season. The festival calendar the gods keep is borrowed entirely from the human world — from the one small disc where time still turns, and whose inhabitants can never attend.

On earth the observance continues. The Phālguna and Āṣāḍha ones are called Nandīśvara aṣṭāhnika by name, and the rite is understood as a deliberate copy of one being performed somewhere unreachable. It is the only Jain festival whose subject is a place.

Measurements and counts

Days8 — aṣṭamī to pūrṇimā
MonthsKārtika, Phālguna, Āṣāḍha
Times a year3
Who attendsgods of all four classes
Who cannoteveryone else
Year on Nandīśvarathere isn't one

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10