जै · The Jain Encyclopedia
The five moments, and the two this map draws

Kalyāṇaka-bhūmi

कल्याणक भूमि

Five kalyāṇakas mark a Tīrthaṅkara's life - conception, birth, renunciation, omniscience, nirvāṇa - and the ground where each happened is a kalyāṇaka-bhūmi. The map draws two of the five: where each was born, and where each left.

Cyavana, janma, dīkṣā, kevalajñāna, nirvāṇa. The gods attend all five; the calendar keeps all five. For the ground, though, the two ends do most of the work. Conception is in the same city as birth. Renunciation is, for most of the twenty-four, in a garden outside the birth city, and omniscience in the same garden or near it; the exceptions are the famous ones - Ṛṣabha's omniscience at Purimatāla, Mahāvīra's on the bank of the Ṛjuvālikā, Nemi's on Girnār. Drawing all five would put four dots on most cities and tell the reader little the two do not.

So the second view draws the two: the twenty-four in a column, the sixteen cities of birth at the left, the five places of nirvāṇa at the right, a line from each name to each. Read it across and the shape of the whole is visible at once - five born in Ayodhyā, three in Hastināpura, and twenty lines converging on one hill.

Twenty-four births, five departuresHemacandra's names, from the descent chapter's own datacities and places open their entries; the names do notBORN ATLEFT FROM1 Ṛṣabhanātha2 Ajitanātha3 Sambhavanātha4 Abhinandananātha5 Sumatinātha6 Padmaprabha7 Supārśvanātha8 Candraprabha9 Suvidhinātha10 Śītalanātha11 Śreyāṃsanātha12 Vāsupūjya13 Vimalanātha14 Anantanātha15 Dharmanātha16 Śāntinātha17 Kunthunātha18 Aranātha19 Mallinātha20 Munisuvrata21 Naminātha22 Neminātha23 Pārśvanātha24 MahāvīraAyodhyā ×5ŚrāvastīKauśāmbīVārāṇasī ×2CandrapurīKākandīBhadrilapuraSiṃhapurīCampāKāmpilyaRatnapurīHastināpura ×3Mithilā ×2RājagṛhaŚauryapuraKṣatriyakuṇḍaAṣṭāpada · unlocatedSammeta Śikhara ×20CampāGirnārPāvāpurī
Twenty-four births, five departures - Kalyāṇaka-bhūmi highlighted

Measurements and counts

The fivecyavana · janma · dīkṣā · kevalajñāna · nirvāṇa
Drawnjanma and nirvāṇa
Born in Ayodhyā5
Born in Hastināpura3
Nirvāṇa at Sammeta Śikhara20

Connected

Open in the interactive atlas →

समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10