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Nirvāṇa of twenty Tīrthaṅkaras · Parasnath Hill

Sammeta Śikhara

सम्मेत शिखर

Twenty of the twenty-four attained nirvāṇa on this one ridge in Jharkhand, which takes its modern name, Parasnath, from the last of them.

Every Tīrthaṅkara of this half-cycle left from here except four: Ṛṣabha from Aṣṭāpada, Vāsupūjya from Campā, Nemi from Girnār, Mahāvīra from Pāvāpurī. The other twenty - Ajitanātha, Sambhavanātha, Abhinandananātha, Sumatinātha, Padmaprabha, Supārśvanātha, Candraprabha, Suvidhinātha, Śītalanātha, Śreyāṃsanātha, Vimalanātha, Anantanātha, Dharmanātha, Śāntinātha, Kunthunātha, Aranātha, Mallinātha, Munisuvrata, Naminātha and Pārśvanātha - are the twenty lines that meet at one point in the second view.

The hill is the highest in Jharkhand; a ṭoṅk, a small shrine, marks each of the twenty on the ridge, and pilgrims walk the whole circuit in a day. The identification is not in question: it has been the tīrtha continuously, and it is Parasnath, Pārśvanātha's hill, on every map.

The twenty-four on the groundsixteen cities of birth, five places of nirvāṇa, four later tīrthasevery modern identification is the pilgrimage tradition's, graded in its entryno border is drawn; the coast is Natural EarthAṣṭāpadanorth - the texts give it no placeAyodhyā ×5ŚrāvastīKauśāmbīVārāṇasī ×2CandrapurīKākandīBhadrilapuraSiṃhapurīCampāKāmpilyaRatnapurīHastināpura ×3Mithilā ×2RājagṛhaŚauryapuraKṣatriyakuṇḍaSammeta Śikhara ×20GirnārPāvāpurīŚatruñjayaRanakpurDilwaraShravanabelagolaborn herenirvāṇa herelater tīrthas - no kalyāṇakathe coast: Natural Earth 1:50m land, public domain
The twenty-four on the ground - Sammeta Śikhara highlighted

Measurements and counts

Nirvāṇa here20 of the twenty-four
Not hereṚṣabha · Vāsupūjya · Nemi · Mahāvīra
TodayParasnath Hill, Giridih district, Jharkhand
Identificationsettled by archaeology

Connected

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समयं गोयम! मा पमायए

Do not be heedless, Gautama, for even a single samaya.

Uttarādhyayana Sūtra 10